Abstract: To solve the question of no effective solution for single station pose measurement, a single station attitude measurement method based on length matching of central axis is proposed to measure projected-axisymmetric targets. Perspective projection is extended into two equivalent forms, which will reflect central axis of target attitude state. Image length of center axis or equivalent length of equivalent surface can be obtained by projection of image plane. According to a priori length of target axis, internal and external parameters of the camera and imaging information, pitching and yaw angle can be obtained through image matching by axis image length matching. Practical engineering test verifies the feasibility of this algorithm. Precision of pitch and yaw angle is 1.7° and 1° respectively, which can meet the needs of single station pose measurement in range. Finally, key factors concerning error of pose measurement model are analyzed. This method can be adapted to the non-projected-axisymmetric targets.