Abstract: Taking the frictional units of cylinder liner/pistol ring as research subject, a new laser surface honing machine is designed. For processing heavy cylinders with irregular shapes, the laser head of the machine was designed to make rotation and linear motion. Three high accuracy optical gratings are installed on the linear shaft and a high accuracy incremental rotary encoder is installed on the rotation shaft to improve the accuracy of motion control system. In order to make micro cavity evenly distributed along the circumference, the method of decimal divider is adopted. The motion control system and laser system are coordinated by programming the two cards. Processing method is so-called Single pulse interval at the point many times. It can process micro or macro morphology structure and decrease negative thermal effects of laser processing.