打拿极光电倍增管逐级增益自动测试系统

刘欣妍; 钱芸生; 魏静雯

doi:10.5768/JAO202243.0604010

打拿极光电倍增管逐级增益自动测试系统

doi: 10.5768/JAO202243.0604010

南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院，江苏南京 210094

基金项目: 国家重大科学仪器设备研制重点项目（2016YFF0100400）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘欣妍（1998—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事微光成像器件测试技术研究。E-mail：liuxinyann@yeah.net

通讯作者:
钱芸生（1968—），男，博士，教授，主要从事微光与红外成像器件与系统及相关测试技术、原位测试余分析、光电测试、图像处理和仿真研究。E-mail：yshqian@mail.njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN206
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-12
- 修回日期: 2022-10-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-14

Automatic test system for progressive gain of dynode photomultiplier tube

School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

摘要

摘要: 逐级增益是评价打拿极光电倍增管（photomultiplier tube, PMT）性能的重要参数之一，目前国内仅有一台逐级增益测试系统，依靠人工操作，测试效率不高。为提高逐级增益测试效率，设计了一套打拿极PMT逐级增益自动测试系统。该系统使用由可控光阑、电动挡板等组成的自动光源实现光源输出强度连续可调，并通过控制高压模块、分压器模块和继电器模块实现逐级电压的通断。利用精度为0.01 nA的电流计模块完成信号的采集、处理和传输，实现对逐级增益的自动测量。实验证明，该系统可有效测量打拿极PMT的逐级增益特性，测试重复性在2%以内，满足测试需求。
- 打拿极光电倍增管 /
- 逐级增益 /
- 增益 /
- 自动测试
Abstract: Progressive gain is one of the important parameters for evaluating the performance of dynode photomultiplier tube (PMT), but there is only one related test system at home, which relies on manual operation and the test efficiency is not high. In order to improve the efficiency of testing progressive gain, an automatic test system for the progressive gain of dynode PMT was designed. The continuous adjustment of the light source output intensity was achieved by an automatic light system composed of controllable disphragm, electric baffle and etc, and the on-off of the progressive voltage was controlled by the high-voltage module, the voltage divider module and the relay module. Finally, based on the galvanometer module with an accuracy of 0.01 nA, the acquisition, processing and transmission of the signal was completed, so as to realize the automatic measurement of the progressive gain. The experimental results show that the proposed system can effectively measure the progressive gain characteristics of the dynode PMT, and the test repeatability is within 2%, which meets the test requirements.
- dynode photomultiplier tube /
- progressive gain /
- gain /
- automatic test

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图 1 盒栅状打拿极PMT的基本结构示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of basic structure for box-grid type of dynode PMT

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图 2 测试系统原理框图

Fig. 2 Block diagram of test system principle

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图 3 测试系统示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of test system

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图 4 继电器阵列原理图

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of relay array

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图 5 测试系统软件界面

Fig. 5 Interface of test system software

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图 6 增益特性曲线

Fig. 6 Fitting curves of gain characteristics

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表 1 不同工作电压下3个PMT的逐级增益

Table 1 Progressive gain of three PMT at different operating voltages

工作电压/V	不同管号PMT的增益
工作电压/V	9166	9171	R09289
300	3.67×10²	4.84×10²	1.48×10²
400	5.73×10³	8.01×10³	1.89×10³
500	3.60×10⁴	6.87×10⁴	1.17×10⁴
600	1.18×10⁶	4.07E×10⁵	6.43×10⁴
700	1.21×10⁶	1.90×10⁶	2.27×10⁵
800	5.15×10⁶	8.00×10⁶	9.54×10⁵
900	1.44×10⁷	2.70×10⁷	2.69×10⁶
1000	3.50×10⁷	7.92×10⁷	7.20×10⁶
1100	1.10×10⁸	2.22×10⁸	1.58×10⁷
1200	2.82×10⁸	6.76×10⁸	4.77×10⁷
1300	8.82×10⁸	1.30×10⁹	8.76×10⁷

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表 2 PPH号PMT逐级增益测量结果

Table 2 Progressive gain measurement results for PMT of PPH

级数	测试次数						重复性/%
级数	1	2	3	4	5	6	重复性/%
1	6.272	6.186	6.322	6.144	6.067	6.267	1.53
2	6.483	6.527	6.484	6.482	6.541	6.535	0.44
3	5.253	5.289	5.261	5.267	5.279	5.269	0.24
4	5.735	5.679	5.624	5.595	5.649	5.629	0.87
5	2.989	3.012	3.004	3.006	3.011	3.005	0.28
6	2.719	2.739	2.741	2.748	2.744	2.745	0.38
7	4.984	4.976	4.958	4.95	4.981	4.968	0.27
8	5.334	5.363	5.347	5.365	5.379	5.367	0.30
9	3.879	3.904	3.909	3.882	3.908	3.901	0.34
10	3.138	3.138	3.125	3.150	3.130	3.140	0.28
整管增益	3.23×10⁶	3.27×10⁶	3.23×10⁶	3.15×10⁶	3.20×10⁶	3.7×10⁶	1.45

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表 3 8160号PMT逐级增益测量结果

Table 3 Progressive gain measurement results for PMT of 8160

级数	测试次数						重复性/%
级数	1	2	3	4	5	6	重复性/%
1	11.080	11.342	11.302	11.316	11.300	11.149	0.95
2	2.626	2.631	2.630	2.628	2.635	2.633	0.12
3	2.668	2.637	2.647	2.642	2.653	2.650	0.40
4	2.140	2.069	2.088	2.073	2.084	2.087	1.23
5	1.947	1.928	1.939	1.935	1.940	1.943	0.34
6	2.082	2.088	2.085	2.090	2.083	2.090	0.17
7	2.425	2.410	2.414	2.417	2.415	2.418	0.21
8	1.953	1.950	1.948	1.951	1.945	1.953	0.16
9	2.005	1.997	2.000	1.996	1.994	1.999	0.19
10	1.905	1.905	1.899	1.904	1.900	1.900	0.15
11	1.869	1.856	1.862	1.865	1.859	1.867	0.27
整管增益	2.27×10⁴	2.18×10⁴	2.21×10⁴	2.20×10⁴	2.20×10⁴	2.21×10⁴	1.38%

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表 4 PJ号PMT逐级增益测量结果

Table 4 Progressive gain measurement results for PMT of PJ

级数	测试次数						重复性/%
级数	1	2	3	4	5	6	重复性/%
1	3.821	3.843	3.817	3.998	3.844	3.833	1.78
2	4.884	4.856	5.080	4.889	5.041	4.882	1.94
3	7.052	7.140	7.090	7.099	7.086	7.048	0.48
4	7.146	7.132	7.025	7.079	7.182	7.128	0.78
5	8.511	8.582	8.499	8.468	8.477	8.502	0.47
6	6.577	6.581	6.541	6.627	6.544	6.571	0.47
7	8.85	8.845	8.850	8.868	8.755	8.842	0.46
8	6.777	6.735	6.744	6.757	6.686	6.738	0.45
9	9.400	9.450	9.436	9.343	9.305	9.398	0.59
整管增益	2.97×10⁷	3.02×10⁷	3.0×10⁷	3.09×10⁷	2.98×10⁷	2.94×10⁷	1.71

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表 5 高压电源输出和电流计输出6次测量结果

Table 5 Six measurement results output by high-voltage power supply and galvanometer

序号	电压/V	电流/μA	序号	电压/V	电流/μA
1	996.0	1.5815	4	999.8	1.5807
2	1 001.0	1.5796	5	1 000.0	1.5823
3	998.5	1.5800	6	1 000.4	1.5803

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