电子倍增器脉冲信号图形化离线分析软件

彭华兴; 闫保军; 刘术林; 张斌婷; 韦雯露

doi:10.5768/JAO202243.0604009

电子倍增器脉冲信号图形化离线分析软件

doi: 10.5768/JAO202243.0604009

彭华兴^{1, 2,},
闫保军^1, ,,
刘术林^{1, 3, ,},
张斌婷^{1, 2},
韦雯露^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院高能物理研究所核探测与核电子学国家重点实验室，北京 100049
2.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院，北京 100049
3.
中国科学院大学核科学与技术学院，北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11975017，11675278，11535014）；核探测与核电子学国家重点实验室项目（SKLPDE-ZZ-202215）

详细信息

作者简介:
彭华兴（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事粒子探测技术图形化分析。E-mail：penghuaxing@ihep.ac.cn

通讯作者:
闫保军（1985—），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事电子倍增器材料和器件研究。E-mail：yanbj@ihep.ac.cn

刘术林（1963—），男，研究员，主要从事微通道板探测器研究。E-mail：liusl@ihep.ac.cn

中图分类号: TN15
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-18
- 修回日期: 2022-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-14

Graphical offline analysis software of electron multiplier pulse signals

PENG Huaxing^{1, 2
,},
YAN Baojun^{1
, ,},
LIU Shulin^{1, 3
, ,},
ZHANG Binting^{1, 2},
WEI Wenlu^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 电子倍增器（electron multiplier，EM）工作于脉冲状态下，其阳极上输出离散的信号，考虑到电子倍增过程具有一定的统计性规律，研究EM在脉冲状态下的性能参数，需要对阳极输出的脉冲信号进行大量测试和分析。以基于打拿极电子倍增器的光电倍增管（photomultiplier tubes，PMT）为例，通过改变入射光强度使其工作在脉冲状态，利用高带宽、高采样率示波器采集其阳极输出信号。基于Python开发了一种图形化数据分析软件，用来对示波器采集的大量脉冲信号数据进行离线分析，从中可以获得PMT的电荷积分谱、增益、分辨率、后脉冲率、前沿时间等性能参数，软件采用模块化结构，根据不同的测试需求各个模块可以单独工作。该软件可以快速实现EM在脉冲状态下的性能参数分析，为EM制作工艺的优化及其在微弱信号探测领域中的应用提供了一种便利的分析手段。
- 电子倍增器 /
- Python /
- 脉冲状态 /
- 分析软件 /
- 光电倍增管 /
- 后脉冲
Abstract: When the electron multiplier (EM) works in a pulse condition, the discrete signals are output on its anode. Since the electron multiplication process has a certain statistical law, to study the performance parameters of the EM in a pulse condition, the substantive tests and analyses of the pulsed signal output from the anode were required. The photomultiplier tube (PMT) based on a dynode EM was taken as an example, by changing the incident light intensity to make it work in a pulse condition, a high-bandwidth and high-sampling-rate oscilloscope was used to collect its anode output signal. A graphical data analysis software was developed based on Python to perform the offline analysis on a large number of pulse signal data collected by an oscilloscope, and performance parameters such as charge integral spectrum, gain, resolution, post-pulse rate, and leading-edge time of PMT could be obtained. The software adopted a modular structure, and each module could work independently according to the different test requirements. The proposed software can quickly analyze the performance parameters of the EM in a pulse condition, and provides a convenient analysis method for the optimization of the EM fabrication process and its application in the field of weak signal detection.
- electron multiplier /
- Python /
- pulse condition /
- analysis software /
- photomultiplier tube /
- post pulse

HTML全文

图 1 程序界面截图

Fig. 1 Screenshot of program interface

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图 2 程序流程图

Fig. 2 Flow chart of program

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图 3 脉冲信号波形及积分区间选取

Fig. 3 Diagram of pulse signal waveform and integration interval selection

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图 4 电荷积分谱

Fig. 4 Charge integral spectrum

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图 5 电荷积分谱及其拟合分析

Fig. 5 Charge integral spectrum and fitting analysis

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图 6 后脉冲测试及分析

Fig. 6 Post-pulse test and analysis

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图 7 前沿时间分析及拟合优度

Fig. 7 Leading-edge time analysis and goodness of fitting

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图 8 测试装置

Fig. 8 Physical drawing and schematic diagram of testing device

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图 9 示波器和QDC分别测量PMT结果对比

Fig. 9 Comparison of measurement results for PMT by oscilloscope and QDC

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图 10 后脉冲时间和电荷量分布

Fig. 10 Post-pulse time and charge distribution

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图 11 暗噪声与后脉冲波形

Fig. 11 Dark noise and post-pulse waveform

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图 12 后脉冲率和阈值的关系

Fig. 12 Relationship between post-pulse rate and threshold

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图 13 前沿时间分布

Fig. 13 Leading-edge time distribution

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图 14 基线扣除讨论

Fig. 14 Baseline deduction discussion

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表 1 信号发生器通道1和通道2的参数

Table 1 Parameters for signal generator channel 1 and channel 2

通道	频率/ kHz	幅值/ V	延时/ ns	脉冲宽度/ ns
1	1	3.174	0	50
2	1	−0.8	255	300

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表 2 示波器测量结果

Table 2 Measurement results of oscilloscope

电压/V	$ {\mathrm{q}}_{1} $	$ {\mathrm{\sigma }}_{1} $	$ \mathrm{\mu } $	$ {{q}}_{{\rm{real}}} $/C	增益	分辨率
1250	1.99273	0.755892	0.236946	3.98546E-13	2490912.5	0.379324846
1300	2.5347	0.924134	0.229274	5.0694E-13	3168375	0.364593048
1350	3.00332	1.07109	0.244316	6.00664E-13	3754150	0.356635324
1400	3.5185	1.16521	0.222892	7.037E-13	4398125	0.33116669
1450	4.35995	1.34728	0.209132	8.7199E-13	5449937.5	0.309012718
1500	5.65753	1.75477	0.258343	1.13151E-12	7071912.5	0.31016539
1550	6.11977	1.73634	0.18744	1.22395E-12	7649712.5	0.283726349

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表 3 QDC测量结果

Table 3 Measurement results of QDC

电压/V	$ {\mathrm{q}}_{1} $	$ {\mathrm{\sigma }}_{1} $	$ \mathrm{\mu } $	$ {{q}}_{{\rm{real}}} $/C	增益	分辨率
1250	12.5795	4.11152	0.198941	3.9399E-13	2462437.125	0.326842879
1300	15.5250	4.77035	0.188126	4.86243E-13	3039018.750	0.307268921
1350	19.2311	5.69174	0.186618	6.02318E-13	3764487.825	0.295965389
1400	22.7996	6.71670	0.181518	7.14083E-13	4463021.700	0.294597274
1450	28.4369	8.40680	0.202161	8.90644E-13	5566523.175	0.295629974
1500	33.8102	9.41006	0.187001	1.05894E-12	6618346.650	0.278320152
1550	40.6768	11.36450	0.195136	1.27400E-12	7962483.600	0.279385301

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