基于高动态范围成像的极端亮度测量方法研究

秦艳; 刘瑞星; 康臻; 李宏光; 宫经珠; 孙宇楠; 赵俊成

doi:10.5768/JAO202344.0103008

基于高动态范围成像的极端亮度测量方法研究

doi: 10.5768/JAO202344.0103008

西安应用光学研究所，陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 装备发展部测试仪器领域项目

详细信息

作者简介:
秦艳（1975—），女，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事光辐射计量测试技术方面的研究。E-mail：335183173@qq.com

中图分类号: TN206
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- 文章访问数: 59
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-25
- 修回日期: 2022-09-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-17

Extreme luminance measurement method based on high dynamic range imaging

Xi'an Institute of Applied Optics, Xi'an 710065, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解决光污染中存在的极端亮度对比问题，针对此类复杂照明光环境，提出了一种基于高动态范围成像技术的极端亮度测量方法。利用24色标准色卡和CS-2000分光辐射亮度计对D5300数码相机进行标定，获得了高动态范围亮度分布图像与CIE 1931-XYZ表色系统刺激值之间的拟合关系，实现了极端亮度对比环境中亮度分布的准确测量。通过在城市道路中实地测量，验证了基于高动态范围成像技术的极端亮度测量方法的亮度测量动态范围可达10⁴，其测量值与CS-2000分光辐射亮度计测得的标准亮度值的相对误差分别为−2.2 %和−2.5 %，表明该方法具有良好的适用性，可为道路照明质量的高效、高准确度测量提供计量保障，为有效防治光污染等复杂光环境问题提供了解决方案。
- 亮度 /
- 高动态范围成像 /
- CIE 1931-XYZ表色系统 /
- 计量
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of extreme luminance contrast in light pollution, an extreme luminance measurement method based on high dynamic range imaging technology was proposed for complex lighting environment. The 24 color standard color card and CS-2000 spectrophotometer were used to calibrate D5300 digital camera, the fitting relationship between the luminance distribution image with high dynamic range and the stimulus value of CIE 1931-XYZ surface color system was obtained, and the accurate measurement of luminance distribution in extreme luminance contrast environment was realized. Through the field measurement in urban roads, it was verified that the dynamic range of luminance measurement of extreme luminance measurement method based on high dynamic range imaging technology could reach 10⁴, and the relative errors between measured value and standard luminance value measured by CS-2000 spectrophotometer were −2.2% and −2.5% respectively. It shows that this method has good applicability, which can provide metrology support for efficient and high-accuracy measurement of road lighting quality, and also provide the solution for effective prevention and control of complex light environment problems such as light pollution.
- luminance /
- high dynamic range imaging /
- CIE1931-XYZ surface color system /
- metrology

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图 1 亮度标定实验

Fig. 1 Luminance calibration experiment

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图 2 相机拍摄的低动态范围图像

Fig. 2 Low dynamic range images by camera

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图 3 参数标定选取的色块

Fig. 3 Color blocks selected for parameter calibration

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图 4 R、G、B三刺激值与R_gv、G_gv、B_gv灰度值拟合图

Fig. 4 Fitting diagram of R, G, B tristimulus values and R_gv, G_gv, B_gv gray values

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图 5 高动态范围图像测量系统的测量流程

Fig. 5 Measurement process of high dynamic range image measurement system

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表 1 相机和镜头的主要性能指标

Table 1 Main performance parameters of camera and lens

尼康D5300+腾龙18-200VC镜头
相机性能	外形尺寸	125 mm×98 mm×76 mm	产品质量	480 g
	传感器类型	CMOS	传感器尺寸	23.5 mm×15.6 mm
	有效像素	2 416万	最大像素	2 478万
	曝光模式	自动、手动	白平衡模式	自动、预设
	快门速度	1/4 000 s~30 s，可以1/3 eV或1/2 eV为步长调校
	曝光补偿	可以1/3 eV或1/2 eV为步长在-5 eV～5 eV之间调校
	ISO感光度	ISO 100~12 800，可以1/3 eV为步长调校
	电池类型	锂电池（EN-EL14a）	续航能力	600张（CIPA标准）
镜头性能	镜头长度	96.7 mm～102 mm	镜头质量	460 g
	镜头直径	68 mm	最大放大倍率	1/3.7倍
	焦距范围	18 mm～200 mm	等效焦距	27 mm～300 mm
	光圈范围	F3.5~F22	防抖性能	光学防抖

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表 2 选取色块的亮度和色度信息

Table 2 Luminance and chroma information of selected color blocks cd/m²

	色块1	色块2	色块3	色块4	色块5	色块6	色块7	色块8	色块9	色块10	色块11	色块12
亮度	13.67	4.67	10.28	7.92	5.29	12.38	7.83	19.48	7.43	24.06	7.29	2.66
X	13.70	3.83	7.69	8.94	7.08	9.75	4.75	16.88	6.04	23.01	6.95	2.53
Y	13.67	4.67	10.28	7.92	5.29	12.38	7.83	19.48	7.43	24.06	7.29	2.66
Z	10.20	2.25	8.07	2.38	4.27	3.13	2.56	2.57	19.93	25.56	7.60	2.74

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表 3 选取色块的灰度值R_gv、G_gv、B_gv

Table 3 (R_gv, G_gv, B_gv) gray value of selected color blocks

	R_gv	G_gv	B_gv
色块1	0.00177	0.00152	0.00118
色块2	0.00021	0.00021	0.00009
色块3	0.00074	0.00114	0.00078
色块4	0.00155	0.00098	0.00038
色块5	0.00153	0.00064	0.00069
色块6	0.00115	0.00118	0.00027
色块7	0.00036	0.00074	0.00019
色块8	0.00309	0.00298	0.00002
色块9	0.00049	0.00306	0.00306
色块10	0.00306	0.00306	0.00306
色块11	0.00054	0.00052	0.00050
色块12	0.00008	0.00007	0.00007

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表 4 X、Y、Z转换为R、G、B的结果

Table 4 Results of X, Y, Z converting to R, G, B

	X	Y	Z	R	G	B
色块1	13.70	13.67	10.20	16.24	11.96	10.18
色块2	3.83	4.67	2.25	4.01	4.59	2.22
色块3	7.69	10.28	8.07	5.87	10.32	8.04
色块4	8.94	7.92	2.38	13.11	6.59	2.34
色块5	7.08	5.29	4.27	10.37	3.69	4.28
色块6	9.75	12.38	3.13	10.75	12.50	3.04
色块7	4.75	7.83	2.56	3.23	8.61	2.50
色块8	16.88	19.48	2.57	21.45	18.99	2.41
色块9	6.04	7.43	19.93	-0.01	6.53	20.07
色块10	23.01	24.06	25.56	23.06	21.25	25.60
色块11	6.95	7.29	7.60	6.98	6.46	7.61
色块12	2.53	2.66	2.74	2.55	2.37	2.74

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表 5 道路环境中高动态范围亮度测试地点结果

Table 5 High dynamic range luminance test location results in road environment

测量地点	测量设备		亮度值/（cd/m²）		相对误差/%
神舟三路与航天中路交叉路口	D5300	CS-2000	10189	10423	−2.2
神州大道辅路	D5300	CS-2000	5.13	5.26	−2.5

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