一种改进的微光夜视系统视距探测方程

莫涌超; 刘磊; 钱芸生; 胡朝龙; 拜晓锋; 石峰

doi:10.5768/JAO202344.0406002

一种改进的微光夜视系统视距探测方程

doi: 10.5768/JAO202344.0406002

1.
南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
微光夜视技术重点实验室，陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 微光夜视技术重点实验室基金（J20190102）；江苏省青蓝工程基金（2017-AD41779）

详细信息

作者简介:
莫涌超（1998—），男，硕士，主要从事微光夜视系统的性能评估。Email：myc1220276266@163.com

通讯作者:
刘磊（1978—），女，教授，博士，主要从事半导体光电发射材料设计与制备。Email：liu1133_cn@sina.com.cn

中图分类号: TN223
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-03
- 修回日期: 2023-01-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-15

Improved apparent distance detection model of low-level-lightnight vision system

1.
School of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2.
Science and Technology on Low-Light-Level Night Vision Laboratory, Xi'an 710065, China

摘要

摘要: 视距是评估微光夜视成像系统性能的一个重要参数。随着微光夜视探测技术的发展，经典视距模型的视距仿真结果与实测结果出现了一些偏差，特别是在10⁻³ lx低照度条件下视距仿真结果不甚理想，这对微光夜视仪在实际应用中造成了很大的阻碍。针对这一问题，从微光成像系统成像链路的三个环节对经典视距模型进行修正：考虑大气透过率对微光夜视系统视距的影响并对经典视距模型中的大气透过率因子进行修正；基于像增强器噪声因子对视距模型进行修正；考虑人眼视觉传递特性对微光夜视系统视距的影响，在系统的传递函数模型中加入了简化的人眼视觉模型。进而推导出改进的视距模型。结合野外试验数据，验证了改进视距模型的有效性和实用性，这对于微光夜视系统的设计、评估和应用具有一定的指导性意义。
- 微光夜视系统 /
- 视距模型 /
- 大气透过率 /
- 噪声因子 /
- 人眼视觉模型
Abstract: Apparent distance is an important parameter to evaluate the performance of low-level-light (LLL) night vision imaging system. With the development of LLL night vision detection technology, the simulation results of the classical apparent distance model show some deviations from the actual measurement data, especially the simulation results are not ideal under the low illumination of 10^-3 lx, which causes great obstacles to the practical application of the LLL night vision system. Aiming at this problem, the classical apparent distance model was modified from three aspects: the first is considering the influence of atmospheric transmittance on the apparent distance of LLL night vision system and modifying the atmospheric transmittance factors in the classical apparent distance model, the second is optimizing the apparent distance model based on noise factors of image intensifier, the third is considering the influence of human visual transmission characteristics on the apparent distance of LLL night vision system, and the simplified human visual system was added into the transfer function model of the system. The improved apparent distance model was derived, and its effectiveness as well as practicability were verified by the field test data, which had certain guiding significance for the design, evaluation and application of LLL night vision system.
- low-level-light night vision system /
- apparent distance model /
- atmospheric transmittance /
- noise factors /
- human visual model

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图 1 微通道有效扩口示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of micro-channel effective flaring

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图 2 微通道无效扩口示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of micro-channel ineffective flaring

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图 3 简化复合模型的理论值和 Campbell 的测量数据

Fig. 3 Theoretical values of simplified compound model and measured data of Campbell

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图 4 简化复合模型的理论值和 Watanabe 的测量数据

Fig. 4 Theoretical values of simplified compound model and measured data of Watanabe

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图 5 像增强器MTF拟合曲线

Fig. 5 MTF fitting curve of image intensifier

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图 6 材料为NEW S₂₅的光电阴极的光谱灵敏度

Fig. 6 Spectral sensitivity of NEW S₂₅ photocathode

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图 7 满月光和晴朗星光的辐射光谱分布曲线

Fig. 7 Radiation spectral distribution curves of full moonlight and clear starlight conditions

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图 8 绿色草木的光谱反射率

Fig. 8 Spectral reflectance of green vegetation

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图 9 绿色草木背景条件下晴朗星光和满月光的反射辐射照度

Fig. 9 Reflected radiation illuminance of clear starlight and full moonlight under green vegetation scene conditions

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图 10 New S₂₅光电阴极绿色草木背景条件下晴朗星光和满月光的光谱转换系数α_λ的计算

Fig. 10 Calculation of spectral conversion coefficient α_λ of clear starlight and full moonlight under green vegetation scene conditions of New S₂₅photocathode

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表 1 复合模型中一些参数的典型值

Table 1 Typical values for some parameters in compound model

K	T / sec	X_e / deg	Φ₀ / (sec·deg²)	N_e/ cyc
3.4	0.1	12	3×10⁻⁸	15

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表 2 复合模型中一些参数的典型值

Table 2 Typical values for some parameters in compound model

η_e	A₀ / (cyc·deg⁻¹)	P / (photons / (td·sec·deg²))	σ₀ / deg	C_sph / (deg·mm⁻³)
0.03	8	1.285×10⁶	0.0137	1×10⁻⁴

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表 3 视距模型计算所需参数

Table 3 Parameters required for calculation

Parement	D/mm	f′_o/mm	Q	δ_e	g_m	t/s
Value	18	26	0.3	8	10813.17	0.2

Parement	H_t/m	N_e	ε	E₀/lx	τ_d	R′/mm
Value	person: 0.5 vehicle: 2	person: 4 vehicle: 6	person: 28 vehicle: 24	10⁻³	0.8	9.7

Parement	l/mm	Г	X₀/deg
Value	10	3.4	28

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表 4 像增强器的调制传递函数

Table 4 Modulation transfer function of image intensifier

A_k/(lp·mm⁻¹)	2.5	7.5	15	25	30
MTF	0.86	0.65	0.42	0.22	0.15

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表 5 与光谱分布有关的参数计算结果

Table 5 Calculation results for parameters related to spectral distribution

Full Moonlight					Stars
Background	Transparent		Green vegetation		Transparent		Green vegetation
Target	Man	Vehicle	Man	Vehicle	Man	Vehicle	Man	Vehicle
ρ	0.5778	0.5484	0.2404	0.211	0.5844	0.5456	0.3686	0.3298
C₀	0.749	0.8072	0.1767	0.3156	0.6932	0.8158	0.2403	0.4894
C_d	0.943	0.9402	0.8732	0.858	0.626	0.6098	0.6136	0.4858
α_λ	0.3924	0.2678	0.66	0.3645	1.3715	0.7917	2.636	1.0935

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表 6 晴朗星光透空背景条件下微光夜视仪对人和车辆的视距

Table 6 Apparent distance of LLL night vision equipment to people and vehicles under clear starlight and full moonlight conditions m

	Man	Vehicle
Experimental data	100.0	200.0
Original model	87.0	208.0
Modified model	92.14	205.60

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