Optical design of spherical zone projection lens for small and medium-sized flight simulator
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摘要: 针对现有沉浸式飞行模拟器进一步小型化和低成本化的需求，设计了一款应用于中小型飞行模拟器的球带幕投影镜头。论文确定了投影方案中各部件（球带幕、投影机、投影物镜）的关键参数，设计的球带幕投影镜头具有172°的视场角和6∶1的反远比，将一台装有该镜头的投影机置于银幕上沿就可以将画面投满整个球带幕。文中给出了大视场、大反远比光学系统的构造方法，对大视场非相似成像系统中的畸变、场曲和相对照度进行了分析和讨论，并给出了改善照度均匀性的有效途径。该镜头以8片透镜的低成本结构满足了4 k分辨率的高质量投影需求，在奈奎斯特频率185 lp/mm处全部视场的MTF值均达到了0.4以上，且具有良好的工艺性。Abstract: To meet the needs of further miniaturization and cost reduction for existing immersive flying simulator, a spherical zone projection lens for small and medium-sized flight simulator was designed. The key parameters of each component (spherical zone, projector, projection lens) in the projection scheme was determined. The designed lens has a field of 172° and inverted-telephoto ratio of 6:1, put a projector with the designed lens on the screen, and the whole screen would be fully projected. The construction method of optical system with large field of view and inverted-telephoto ratio was provided, the distortion, field curvature and relative illumination in large field nonsimilar imaging systems were analyzed and discussed, and the effective method of improving the illumination uniformity was also presented. The proposed lens meets the high-quality projection requirements of 4 k resolution with a low-cost structure of 8-piece lens, and its MTF values of all the fields are higher than 0.4 at the nyquist frequency of 185 lp/mm, which has good workability.
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Key words:
- flight simulator /
- optical design /
- inverted-telephoto ratio /
- large field of view /
- projection lens
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图 5 最大视场入射主光线与第一面法线的夹角
Fig. 5 Angle between main incident light from maximum field of view and the first surface normal line
表 1 系统参数
Table 1 Parameters of system
参数 值 水平视场角/（°） 180 竖直视场角/（°） 85 球幕半经/m 2 亮度/fl ≥6.0 分辨率/arcmin/pixel ≤4.5 
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表 2 镜头参数
Table 2 Parameters of lens
参数 值 波长/nm 430−680 半像高/mm 5.2 焦距/mm 4.03 全视场角/（°） 86×2 F# 2.2 各视场MTF值（@185 lp/mm） ≥0.4 倍率色差/pixel ≤1/2 镜片口径/mm ≤80 后工作距/mm >25
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