Optimization design of thermal condition of Rowland circle spectrometer based on optical, thermal and structural simulations
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摘要: 针对目前紫外光谱仪热工况优化研究缺乏的问题，该文设计出一款探测范围为200 nm～450 nm、全波段分辨率不低于0.2 nm的罗兰圆光谱仪，并耦合光、热、结构模拟对其光室热工况开展优化研究。热仿真结果表明：在无加热、无入口风速下光谱仪底座温度、温差随时间不断增加，难以达到热平衡；优化光室入口风速，发现当入口风速为0.8 m/s时，整体温度降至36.103 ℃～39.859 ℃；基于光学器件间的热变形量的计算，光学器件截距总热变形量为0.203 mm；优化加热方式，发现顶层式加热方式最佳，整体温度降至34.241 ℃～36.139 ℃，光学器件截距总热变形量降至0.122 mm。对此进行光学仿真，结果表明，优化工况后的罗兰圆光谱仪工作热变形后可清晰分辨出两束波长相差0.2 nm的光束。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of lack of research on optimizing thermal condition of ultraviolet spectrometers, a Rowland circle spectrometer with a detection range of 200 nm~450 nm and a full-band resolution of no less than 0.2 nm was designed, and optimized the thermal conditions of its optical chamber by coupling optical, thermal and structural simulations. The thermal simulation results showed that the temperature and temperature difference of the spectrometer base was increased with time in the absence of heating and inlet wind speed, and it was difficult to achieve thermal balance. The inlet wind speed of optical chamber was optimized, and it was found that when that was 0.8 m/s, the overall temperature was dropped to 36.103 ℃~39.859 ℃. Based on the calculation of thermal deformation between optical devices, the intercept of total thermal deformation of several optical devices was 0.203 mm. After refining the heating method, the top-layer heating was found to be the best way, the overall temperature was dropped to 34.241 ℃~36.139 ℃, and the intercept of total thermal deformation was reduced to 0.122 mm. The optical simulation results show that the optimized Rowland circle spectrometer can still clearly distinguish the two beams with a wavelength difference of 0.2 nm after thermal deformation.
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图 2 测量范围为200 nm～450 nm的罗兰圆光学结构仿真图及不同狭缝宽度时253.6 nm波长点列图
Fig. 2 Optical structure simulation diagram of Rowland circle with measuring range of 200 nm～450 nm and wavelength spot diagram of 253.6 nm at different slit widths
图 3 测量范围为200 nm～450 nm的罗兰圆光学结构光谱仪全波段特征谱线、边缘谱线的点列图
Fig. 3 Spot diagram of full-band feature lines and edge lines of Rowland circle spectrometer with measuring range of 200 nm~450 nm
图 5 罗兰圆光谱仪光室组件结构
Fig. 5 Structure diagram of optical chamber assembly of Rowland circle spectrometer
图 6 无加热系统时底座最高温度、最低温度随时间的变化曲线
Fig. 6 Variation curves of maximum and minimum temperatures of base with time without heating system
图 7 无加热系统时不同风速对光谱仪温度场分布的影响
Fig. 7 Influence of different wind speeds on temperature field distribution of spectrometer without heating system
图 8 无加热系统0.8 m/s入口风速时水平面方向热变形图
Fig. 8 Thermal deformation diagram in horizontal direction at inlet wind speed of 0.8 m/s without heating system
图 9 无加热系统0.8 m/s入口风速时200 nm～313.7 nm谱线范围点列图
Fig. 9 Spot diagram of spectral line range of 200 nm~313.7 nm at inlet wind speed of 0.8 m/s without heating system
图 10 不同加热系统光谱仪温度场分布图
Fig. 10 Temperature field distribution diagram of spectrometer with different heating systems
图 11 顶层式加热0.8 m/s入口风速时水平面方向热变形图
Fig. 11 Thermal deformation diagram in horizontal direction at inlet wind speed of 0.8 m/s with top-layer heating system
图 12 顶层式加热0.8 m/s入口风速时200 nm～313.7 nm谱线范围点列图
Fig. 12 Spot diagram of spectral line range of 200 nm~313.7 nm at inlet wind speed of 0.8 m/s with top-layer heating system
表 1 罗兰圆光学结构总体光学参数指标
Table 1 Overall optical parameters of optical structure of Rowland circle
光学元件 光学参数 数值 凹面衍射光栅 曲率半径R/ mm 398.83 光栅常数k/ mm 0.0004167 衍射角β/(°) 9.37～−25.93 入射狭缝 到衍射光栅距离f1/mm 305.52 狭缝宽度d/µm 30 入射角α/(°) 40 准直透镜 焦距f/mm 97.1 
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表 2 光谱仪各部分材料及热物性参数
Table 2 Materials and thermal properties of each part of spectrometer
部件名称 材料 密度ρ
(kg/m3)比热容cp
(kJ/kg·K)导热率λ
(W/m·K)入射狭缝 钢 7 800 0.46 48.5 光栅 铝合金 2 770 0.88 237 探测装置 铝合金 2 770 0.88 237 罗兰圆底座 钢 7 800 0.46 48.5
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