Abstract: The optical characteristics of several space targets with simple shape and the satellite models are studied according to simulation measurement of spatial targets distinct in shape and material. The result indicates that the location of light source, target and detector plays a decisive function in detecting the optical characteristic of the spatial targets. As for the spherical and cylindric targets, the phase angle of the light source and detector is the main factor to effect the reception of light radiation, as for the three-dimensional targets, the detecting effect is relative to incident and observing angles, and as for the earth synchronous satellites, the optical characteristic is influenced mainly by the observing area and the angle included between the solar panel and earth. This research is significant for deducing the attitude of space targets from observed results.