Abstract: The main reason that blocks traditional fiber to develop towards big capacity and long distance communication is the loss of light energy and dispersion, so the manufacture of photonic crystal fiber with lower loss and dispersion will be the direction of fiber development. Based on the introduction of the manufacture, principle and characteristics of photonic crystal fiber, and comparison with the common fiber, the characteristics of “endless” singlemode, strange dispersion, controllable nonlinear and more cores’ transmission of the photonic crystal fiber are investigated. The result shows that the photonic crystal fiber will have a broad application in photonic crystal fiber sensor,photonic crystal antennae, dispersion compensation and optical integrated circuit.