Abstract: The theoretical analysis and experimental research were performed for the light backscattering property of underwater bubble layers with different concentration. The experimental data show that there are the signal peaks caused by the bubble scattering, in addition to the signal peak caused by the water backscattering in the return wave curves of the underwater backscattering signals produced by lidar. The scattering peaks are overlain on the backscattering signal peaks of the water, the location is directly related to the location of the underwater bubble layers, and its amplitude is affected by the concentration of the bubble layers. It can be concluded from these curves that there is a second backscattering peak in the total backscattering signal curves caused by bubble layer underwater. The return time of the second peak is related to the distance between detector and bubble layer. The backscattering signal increases with the concentration increase of the bubble layer, which was predicted by theoretical analysis. The variation trend of the backscattering signal is mainly affected by the optical parameters of the water.