Optimization analysis of nanoparticles for spectral beam splitting hybrid PV/T system
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摘要: 将纳米流体用于光谱分频(spectral beam splitting, SBS)型PV/T系统可提高系统效率，合适粒径的纳米颗粒(nanoparticles, NPs)能有效过滤光伏电池光谱响应外的太阳辐射。采用时域有限差分法(finite difference time domain, FDTD)模拟了Au、Ag、Cu、Fe3O4、ZnO、TiO2六种NPs的光学特性，以单晶硅太阳能电池的光谱响应为例，研究了粒径为20 nm~200 nm六种NPs的光吸收性能，并将契合度作为评价指标优化粒径。结果表明：NPs的光学性质对其粒径大小非常敏感，通过改变NPs粒径，可在较宽范围内调节散射、吸收和消光峰位置，且其峰值均随粒径增大而增加。金属NPs对太阳辐射的吸收能力优于非金属NPs，6种NPs单位体积最大吸收功率分别为21.88 GW/m3、17.95 GW/m3、20.16 GW/m3、2.54 GW/m3、1.02 GW/m3、0.27 GW/m3。契合度指标分析表明，适用于SBS型PV/T系统的6种NPs的最优粒径分别为20 nm、50 nm、20 nm、170 nm、110 nm、20 nm。Abstract: The application of nanofluids in spectral beam splitting (SBS) hybrid PV/T system can improve its efficiency, in which nanoparticles (NPs) with appropriate size can effectively filter solar radiation outside the spectral response of photovoltaic cells. The optical properties of Au, Ag, Cu, Fe3O4, ZnO and TiO2 NPs were simulated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Moreover, taking spectral response of monocrystalline silicon solar cells as example, the optical absorption properties of six NPs with diameters ranging from 20 nm to 200 nm were studied, and degree of appropriateness (DOA) was used as the evaluation index to optimize the particle size. The results show that the optical properties of NPs are very sensitive to their particle size. By changing the particle size of NPs, the positions of scattering, absorption and extinction peaks can be adjusted in a wide range, and the peaks increase with the increase of particle size. The absorption capacity of metal NPs to solar radiation is better than that of non-metal NPs. The maximum absorption power per unit volume of six NPs are 21.88 GW/m3, 17.95 GW/m3, 20.16 GW/m3, 2.54 GW/m3, 1.02 GW/m3, 0.27 GW/m3, respectively. The DOA index analysis shows that the optimal particle sizes of six NPs suitable for SBS hybrid PV/T system are 20 nm, 50 nm, 20 nm, 170 nm, 110 nm, 20 nm, respectively.
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图 3 三种金属NPs的散射、吸收和消光截面与波长的关系
Fig. 3 Relationship between scattering, absorption and extinction cross sections of three metal NPs and wavelengths
图 4 三种金属NPs的散射、吸收和消光峰值及峰值波长与粒径的变化曲线
Fig. 4 Variation curves of scattering, absorption and extinction peaks as well as peak wavelengths of three metal NPs with particle sizes
图 5 三种非金属NPs的散射、吸收和消光截面与波长的变化曲线
Fig. 5 Variation curves of scattering, absorption and extinction cross sections of three nonmetallic NPs with wavelengths
图 6 三种非金属NPs的散射、吸收和消光峰值及峰波长与粒径的变化曲线
Fig. 6 Variation curves of scattering, absorption and extinction peaks as well as peak wavelengths of three nonmetallic NPs with particle sizes
图 7 三种金属NPs的散射、吸收和消光功率与粒径的变化曲线
Fig. 7 Variation curves of scattering, absorption and extinction power of three metal NPs with particle sizes
图 8 三种非金属NPs的散射、吸收和消光功率与粒径的变化曲线
Fig. 8 Variation curves of scattering, absorption and extinction power of three nonmetallic NPs with particle sizes
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