Abstract: Qinghai-Tibet plateau is famous for the name of the third pole of the earth. The aerosol vertical scattering ratio profiles and extinction coefficient time-space distribution at Naqu prefecture and Beijing prefecture were shown and compared. The data shows that: the similar multi-layered zigzag vertical structure of aerosol extinction coefficient distribution exists in the day and night time; the layers include close ground layer, mixed layer and troposphere. The maximum value of aerosol scattering ratio remains at 2.0 under cloud-free conditions. Because of the vapor cycle, cumulus is existed over the prefecture most of the time, and presence probability of cumulus in summer is less than in winter.