Abstract: Gear accuracy measurement based on machine vision is an organic combination of gear accuracy theory and machine vision technology. All geometric elements of gears can be obtained in one measurement, which is suitable for online measurement of batch gears. It has the advantages of not damaging the surface, avoiding the loss of finish caused by handling, and comprehensive measurement information. Firstly, the basic principle of machine vision is studied, then the research status of gear two-dimensional image measurement is described, and the results of various measurement methods of machine vision gear three-dimensional image are introduced. Finally, the development, application advantages and disadvantages and multi-integration of machine vision technology in the field of gear measurement are prospected, which provides a reference for the majority of gear manufacturers and scholars engaged in machine vision measurement research.