Abstract: In order to solve the problem of extreme luminance contrast in light pollution, an extreme luminance measurement method based on high dynamic range imaging technology was proposed for complex lighting environment. The 24 color standard color card and CS-2000 spectrophotometer were used to calibrate D5300 digital camera, the fitting relationship between the luminance distribution image with high dynamic range and the stimulus value of CIE 1931-XYZ surface color system was obtained, and the accurate measurement of luminance distribution in extreme luminance contrast environment was realized. Through the field measurement in urban roads, it was verified that the dynamic range of luminance measurement of extreme luminance measurement method based on high dynamic range imaging technology could reach 10⁴, and the relative errors between measured value and standard luminance value measured by CS-2000 spectrophotometer were −2.2% and −2.5% respectively. It shows that this method has good applicability, which can provide metrology support for efficient and high-accuracy measurement of road lighting quality, and also provide the solution for effective prevention and control of complex light environment problems such as light pollution.