Abstract: The laser anti-satellite weapons are important means of jamming and destroying space-borne photoelectric instruments or destroying satellite platforms. Based on the Fourier unsteady state heat conduction equation, combined with actual structure inside the target and high temperature characteristics of the metal material, the simulation process of satellite cylinder damage under laser irradiation was realized through the modeling and numerical simulation, and the multi-physical change laws such as temperature, melting depth and internal stress distribution of the target under typical operating conditions were obtained. The effects of lasers with different power densities on the temperature field and melting rate of the target and the stress coupling phenomenon inside the target were analyzed. The results show that as the laser power density continues to increase, the damage rate of the target increases, but its melting rate tends to be stable at the phase transition. At the same time, under typical conditions, due to the stress coupling effect, the target will exceed the allowable stress value in a very short time, and the damage occurs.