Research on chemical strengthening technology for K9 optical glass
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摘要: 为提高K9光学玻璃在一些特殊应用领域（如高压、温度变化剧烈等）的力学性能，并保证其光学性能符合精密光学仪器要求，对K9光学玻璃进行了化学钢化技术研究。以脆性材料断裂过程微裂纹扩展理论为基础，导出化学钢化玻璃强度应力因子计算模型，分析化学钢化表面应力与表面微裂纹深度、韧性之间的关系，指出化学钢化工艺应注意的事项。通过实验研究，分析化学钢化温度和钢化时间对K9光学玻璃抗弯强度、表面应力及应力层厚度的影响，优化得出K9光学玻璃化学钢化温度为400 ℃、钢化时间为40 h。采用优化工艺，获得了表面应力为500 MPa、应力层厚度为50 μm量级及规格为220 mm×110 mm×22 mm的化学钢化K9光学玻璃样件。钢化后，样件抗弯强度提高了3.5倍以上，且表面疵病、光学鉴别率、透过率等光学性能指标未见明显变化。Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical properties of K9 optical glass, which used in some special fields such as heavy pressure and drastic temperature changing, etc, and ensure the optical properties can meet the requirements of precision optical instruments, the chemical strengthening technology for K9 optical glasses was studied. Based on the theory of crack propagation during the fracture process of brittle materials, the calculation model of stress intensity factor for chemical strengthened K9 optical glasses was formulated. The relations between glass surface stress, surface micro-crack depth and toughness were discussed, and several problems in the chemical strengthening process needed to attention were pointed out. By experimental research, the effects of strengthening temperature and time on the strength, surface stress and stress depth of K9 optical glasses were analyzed. The chemical strengthening process for K9 optical glass was optimized, the strengthening temperature is 400 ℃ and the strengthening time is 40 h. The measured results of mechanics and optical properties for K9 optical glasses with size of 220 mm×110 mm×22 mm are obtained. The measured results show that the surface stress is 500 MPa, the stress depth is about 50 μm, the bending strength is increasing more than 3.5 times, and the optical discrimination and transmittance show no obvious changing.
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Keywords:
- optical glass /
- chemical strengthening /
- crack propagation /
- bending strength /
- surface stress /
- optical properties
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图 1 化学钢化K9光学玻璃残余应力分布
Figure 1. Distribution of residual stress in chemical strengthening K9 optical glass
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图 2 化学钢化K9光学玻璃中垂直微裂纹与应力分布
Figure 2. Distribution of vertical micro-crack and stress of chemical strengthening K9 optical glass
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图 3 K9光学玻璃韧性与表面应力、应力层相对厚度之间的关系（初始裂纹取25 μm）
Figure 3. Relations between toughness，surface stress and stress depth in K9 glass (initial crack depth is 25 μm)
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图 4 A组样件化学钢化温度与K9光学玻璃抗弯强度之间的关系
Figure 4. Relations between strengthening temperature and bending strength for sample A
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图 5 A组样件化学钢化时间与K9光学玻璃抗弯强度之间的关系
Figure 5. Relations between strengthening time and bending strength for sample A
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图 6 A组样件化学钢化时间对K9光学玻璃应力层厚度及表面应力的影响
Figure 6. Influence of strengthening time on stress depth and surface stress for sample A
表 1 化学钢化K9光学玻璃工艺试验参数
Table 1 Chemical strengthening experimental parameters for K9 optical glass
样品
组别样品
编号样品
数量规格/mm 化学钢化
温度/℃化学钢化
时间/hA A0 12 45×15×5 —— —— A1 12 45×15×5 380 40 A2 12 45×15×5 400 40 A3 12 45×15×5 420 40 A4 12 45×15×5 440 40 A5 12 45×15×5 480 40 A6 12 45×15×5 400 8 A7 12 45×15×5 400 24 A8 12 45×15×5 400 56 B B0 3 220×110×22 —— —— B2 3 220×110×22 400 40 
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表 2 B组样件光学性能实测结果
Table 2 Optical properties test results of sample B
样品编号 表面疵病 光学鉴别率 光学透过率 表面腐蚀 B0 40−20 3.8/″ 92/% 无 B2 40−20 3.8/″ 92/% 无
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表 3 B组样件静水压力试验结果
Table 3 Hydrostatic pressure test results of sample B
样品编号 数量 6 MPa静水压力 备注 B0 3 全部炸裂 炸裂压力分别为2.2 MPa、
2.3 MPa和2.6 MPaB2 3 通过
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表 4 B组样件抗弯强度测试结果
Table 4 Bending strength test results of sample B
样品编号 数量 抗弯强度*/MPa 均方差/MPa B0 3 108 25 B2 3 393 12 *注：厚玻璃抗弯强度测量具有危险性！
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