Long-distance vibration measurement based on laser frequency-shifted feedback interferometry
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摘要: 远距离微弱振动信号探测在机械制造、国防军事等领域具有重要意义。针对远距离非合作目标振动测量不足的问题，基于固体微片激光器移频回馈技术，构建远距离振动测量系统，进一步分析系统灵敏度指标，包括工作距离、入射角度以及非配合物体等参数。实验得到：系统对100 m外目标微弱振动信号高质量采集，以硬纸盒作为测量目标时，频率测量误差小于0.1%，在±60°入射角下信噪比仍接近20 dB。此外支持对奶粉袋、泡沫等多种非合作目标振动测量。系统可灵活用于机械振动测量和远程监视等领域，具有较大工程应用推广价值。Abstract: Signal detection of weak vibration in long-distance is of great significance in the fields of machine manufacturing, national defense, military, and so on. Aiming at overcoming the shortages of traditional measurement systems, a long-distance vibration measurement system was built based on the solid-state microchip laser frequency-shifted feedback technology. The system sensitivity index, including working distance, incident angle, and non-cooperative objects were further analyzed. The experimental results show that the high-quality acquisition of the weak vibration signal at 100 m distance is achieved, the frequency measurement error is less than 0.1% and the signal-to-noise ratio is still close to 20 dB under an incident angle of ±60° with using paper box as the target. In addition, the system can measure vibration of a variety of non-cooperative targets such as milk powder bags, polyfoams and so on. The system can be used flexibly in mechanical vibration measurement, remote monitoring and other fields, showing great promotional value in engineering applications.
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图 1 实验装置示意图
SML：固体微片激光器；BS：分光镜；L1～L3：透镜；AOFS1～AOFS2：声光移频器；D：光阑；T：目标；LS：扬声器；PD：光电探测器；AOFS-Driver：声光移频器驱动；LIA：锁相放大器
Figure 1. Schematic of experimental device
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图 2 光束传播示意图
SML：固体微片激光器；Po：出射功率；Pr：回馈光功率；Pi：物体上光功率；K：光学系统透过率；r0：出射光斑半径；Tα：大气透过率；Ωb：后向散射立体角；Ωr：入瞳角；L：工作距离；T：目标物；As：物体上光斑面积；At：物体面积
Figure 2. Schematic of beam propagation
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图 3 回馈水平与工作距离/入射角度关系
Figure 3. Relationship between effective feedback level and working distance /incident angle
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图 6 500 Hz扬声器激励信号波形和频谱图
Figure 6. 500 Hz loudspeaker excitation signal waveform and spectrogram
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图 7 500 Hz重构振动信号波形和频谱图
Figure 7. 500 Hz reconstruction vibration signal waveform and spectrogram
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图 9 不同入射角度下光信号频谱图
Figure 9. Optical signal spectrogram under different incidence angle
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图 10 不同入射角度下振动信号时域图
Figure 10. Time-domain of vibration signal at different incident angles
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