Abstract: The principle of the triangulation is used to conduct the 3D measurement by binocular vision measurement system, and its structural characteristics determine that the measurement error increases with the increase of the measurement distance. Aiming at the distribution law of the measurement error, the optimization method of the binocular vision measurement system based on the local FOV was proposed. The measurement coordinate system was established by using the external structure to reduce the systematic errors introduced by the inconsistence of the calibration and measurement process information. The coupling effect between camera parameters was used to compensate the calibrated error of the system inherent parameter, and a look-up table was established to realize the virtual mapping of the calibration parameters. The results show that the maximum error is less than 0.03 mm in simulation experiment, and the measurement error is less than 0.3% in systematic experiment. After the optimization, the main measurement error comes from the random error introduced by the detector discretization, and the binocular vision measurement system achieves the theoretical measurement accuracy.