Abstract: Using aspheric surface to improve the imaging quality of optical system is a common means of lens design.Based on the wave aberration theory of planar symmetric optical system, the wavefront aberration contribution of the fisheye lens was analyzed. According to the variation trend of wavefront aberration with aspheric coefficient, the optical surface with outstanding wave aberration contribution was selected as the candidate for aspheric application, and then the fisheye lens system was optimized by using the optimization algorithm and the evaluation function based on the definition of the distribution of light spot diagram. By optimizing the aspheric surface of a fisheye lens example, the spot diagram range is reduced from 200 μm for the global optimization design to 100 μm, and the evaluation function value is reduced by 1 order of magnitude, which proves that the method can significantly improve the imaging quality of the lens. It can be used as a reference for how to effectively apply the aspheric surface to optimize the optical system of the fisheye lens.