Abstract: A set of dynamic resolution detection system for CCD aerial camera was designed. The diameter of the entrance pupil is D=200 mm, the focal length is f′=2 000 mm, the angle of the field of view(FOV) is 2ω=5°. The system was simulated by Zemax optical design software, the design results show that, at the Nyquist frequency of 40 lp/mm, the modulation transfer function(MTF) curves are all above 0.5. The secondary spectra introduced by the long focal length were corrected through using the wave-deviation method. At the same time, the concept of resolution ruler was introduced, each separate resolution plate was made into a resolution ruler of 300 mm×24 mm by stitching, and the resolution ruler was driven by the motor to make a uniform linear motion to simulate the dynamic target.The design of the test system can detect the dynamic resolution of the aircraft under simulated flight conditions, the testing accuracy is 1″, and it can be widely used in mapping, military reconnaissance, aerospace and other fields.