Abstract: To solve the existing problems such as multi-station setting complexly and high single station accuracy demanding in pose measurement of flying targets, a new optical method for pose measurement was proposed. The method made full use of the continuous image information and the corresponding target flight trajectory position data. First, starting point of target axis vector was determined by the target location data, and also the end point was acquired by the constraint equations of target axis vector. Then, the pose angles (including the yaw angle and pitch angle) could be calculated according to the relationship between the pose angles and the axial vector. Finally, the unique pose value could be obtained by the prior information. The corresponding simulation and accuracy analysis were performed, and the results show that the attitude measurement error is less than 1, and the method proposed in this paper considering both the convenience and accuracy of measurement, has high application value.